TRANSLATOR

Hello readers!

I'm Raquel and this week I was assigned the translator role. This is my second time as translator. So, I hope to do it better than the first one! =)

Both laws, which are the main and important topics that are going to be carried out in the mysterious game when we come back holidays, have differences as well as similarities respect to the Spanish System education and to education in general, measures that affect to our country and therefore to us. 


AS translator I am and after reading the whole group the 6 topics to do the questions for the game, I have to choose the five more important definitions that we have learn this week. I think that the main words are:


INEQUALITIES: It is understood Inequalities as disparity or dissimilarity that some students experience in their education field where they are lots of differences respect to the rest of the students.These differences between students are caused by social, geography;location, gender ethnicity, poverty and disabilities, which are the most common reasons. Most disadvantaged or rural areas suffer from these inequalities. For example, in Yemen, children keep out of the school because of they don't have the necessary tools and resources to go. Even poverty increases mostly this. So, we see that due to geographical reasons, these children cannot be educated as they deserve, so they are in disadvantage.As Unesco says, "Around 45% of 7- to 16-year olds from poor households in both rural and urban areas have never been to school. 

Unesco affirms that "The World Inequality Database on Education (WIDE) draws attention to unacceptable levels of education inequality across countries and between groups within countries, with the aim informing policy design and public debate" (UNESCO, 2008; pag; 0,1,14)

http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002204/220440E.pdf
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_inequality

ORGANIZATION: It's a important term because not only for knowing what is the definition, but also to understand the subject School Organization. This term means to have everything in an order. School organization therefore is how school and all the members and contributors are structured in a specific context, in this case, the school.There are lots of types of organizations like associations, cooperatives that fight to get a common goal. In the case of the school, all the context of the school is organized by the current law and the Spanish Education System that make decisions cooperatively to change things and measures that can be improved to increase the quality of the country and their inhabitants.Then, there other cooperatives that also participate in these changes that are local in the specific place where school is situated such as School Board(Consejo Escolar), Leadership team (cuerpo directivo), teacher assembly and even other less important but at the same time very important because all the changes affect directly them, the students and consequently parents through the representative or parents associations. 

https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/fpfis/mwikis/eurydice/index.php/Spain:Glossary#School_development_plan_.28Proyecto_educativo.29

SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT PLAN called in Spanish Language Proyecto educativo

It consists in a working document created by non-university education institutions. It appears in it the values, objectives and priorities, its assessment of how current trends
and future factors could impact on the school. Also, it includes the specific curriculum established by the Education Authority.Social and cultural background of each different school has to be considered in it because this could be encourage the inequality According to the background, this plan have to give answer to the wide diversity of students student diversity and also how has to performance a teacher as a tutor as well.
It has two main aims: avoid discrimination solving the inequalities and attend to the diversity to be socially included in the relationships (inclusion social)

 This plan improve of course the school organization 

http://www.deni.gov.uk/sdp_guidance-2.pdf (Pág 1, 2)



CURRICULUM: It's the set of basic competences, objetives, contents and the criteria for methodologies to teach and to do a evaluation that student have to get in a educational level.All the scholar context have to be under curriculum rules not only the contens but also the methodologies that can be carried out by teachers or even the basic competences for example in primary education there are 8 main important that we learn in Planificación de la Acción Educativa in the first fourth-month period. This curriculum is a process because the curriculum created by the State is one in the organizational view and this is changes according to the specific area by autonomous communities and this one is also rechange by school and teachers from a pedagogical point of view according to the diversity, ethnicity, culture and needs of the place and of the students.


http://epistemologia.over-blog.es/pages/DEFINICION_DE_CURRICULO_Y_CONTENIDOS-1432924.html

EVALUATION: it's another important term because it's an action that takes part in our life. I think that in this subject we have done lots of evaluations about our collegues and our works done each week. Most of members of the group don't know what is exactly evaluation, I mean how can we develop a evaluation properly. I think that this week, we have performanced as a team of teachers because we had to meet to decide what are the best questions and answer according to lots of things as if they are good, with quality, understandable etc. Then, we had to decide only a few of them and evaluate them in the webpage that Linda ordered us. So, I think that in this moment, we performance as teachers that evaluate other learners. Evaluation therefore is an continue process of recommendations that teachers has to do in order to student can make sure that they have learned in a good way something in concrete. Evaluating doesn't mean to put an exam and see how a student has answered to the questions. It's the contrary, there are lots of different ways to evaluate if a student have learned something or not and these may be more effective than a simple final exam. You can evaluate through works, practices, games, doing different activities and trips the whole class to visit places that can be related to content and after that doing a set of questions related to the trip, his feelings etc. I think that it's a good way to evaluate children from their experience and improve the quality of the learning. 


And that is all for this week. I hope you undertand all the definitions and enjoy reading them!=)=)

Thank you very muchh!!
T8T

TRANSLATOR

Hello everyone! I am Ana Ruiz and this week I am the translator. Which means that, this week I have collected the five most important concepts that we have used this week and I have defined each one.

Concept Map: A concept map is a diagram that represent relationships between concepts. It is a graphical tool that designers, engineers, technical writers, and others use to organize and to represent knowledge.

It shows ideas and information usually enclosed in circles or boxes of some type, and relationships between concepts indicated by a connecting line linking two concepts. Words on the line, referred to as linking words or linking phrases, specify the relationship between the two concepts.  The technique for visualizing these relationships among different concepts is called concept mapping. 
The difference between concept map and mind map is that a mind map is a technique for drawing information in diagrams, instead of writing it in sentences. The diagrams always take the same basic format of a tree, with a single starting point in the middle that branches out, and divides again and again. The tree is made up of words or short sentences connected by lines. The lines that connect the words are part of the meaning.  

Education System: The term education system generally refers to  kindergarten through high school programs. Systems of schooling involve institutionalized teaching and learning in relation to a curriculum, which itself is established according to a predetermined purpose of the schools in the system. School systems are sometimes also based on religions, giving them different curricula.
Simply put, an education system comprises everything that goes into educating public-school students at the federal, state, or community levels:
•        Laws, policies, and regulations
•        Public funding, resource allocations, and procedures for determining funding levels
•        State and district administrative offices, school facilities, and transportation vehicles
•        Human resources, staffing, contracts, compensation, and employee benefits
•        Books, computers, teaching resources, and other learning materials
•        And countless other contributing elements


Law: The term Law, does not have a universally accepted definition, but one definition is that law is a system of rules and guidelines which are applied through social institutions to govern behaviour.Laws can be made by legislatures through legislation (resulting instatutes), the executive through decrees and regulations, or judges through binding precedents (normally in common law jurisdictions). Private individuals can create legally binding contracts, including  arbitration agreements that exclude the normal court process.
The formation of laws themselves may be influenced by a constitution and the rights encoded in it. The law shapes politics, economics, and society in various ways and serves as a mediator of relations between people.

Administration: This term is also referred to as business administration, is the management of an office, business, or organisation. It involves the efficient organisation of people, information, and other resources to achieve organisational objectives.Administration is the interpretation and implementation of the policy set by an organisation characterised by control. It can be appointed by the courts, the holder of the assets of a business or a company.


Governance: This term can be defined as the rule of the rulers, typically within a given set of rules.  One might conclude that governance is the process – by which authority is conferred on rulers, by which they make the rules, and by which those rules are enforced and modified. Thus, understanding governance requires an identification of both the rulers and the rules, as well as the various processes by which they are selected, defined, and linked together and with the society generally.

It is also refers to "all processes of governing, whether undertaken by a government, market or network, whether over a family, tribe, formal or informal organization or territory and whether through laws, norms, power or language." It relates to processes and decisions that seek to define actions, grant power and verify performance.
 



I hope it could be useful!

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concept_map

http://cmap.ihmc.us/docs/conceptmap.html

http://litemind.com/what-is-mind-mapping/

·         http://www.mindomo.com/help/mind-mapping.htm

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/COUNTRIES/MENAEXT/EXTMNAREGTOPGOVERNANCE/0,,contentMDK:20513159~pagePK:34004173~piPK:34003707~theSitePK:497024,00.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law

http://edglossary.org/education-system/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/administration.html

  

TRANSLATOR

Hello, I'm Alba the translator of this week.

This weeks task consisted on summarizing this course work in a video. For this activity. In this post I'm going to focus on different concepts which are moovly, the objective model, content, the competency model and finally, the relationship between TPACK and the competency model.

Moovly: is an online programme which gives you the opportunity to create animated videos, tutorials, presentations...

The objectives model: in the objectives model, education is interested in changing the students efficiency. One of the characteristics of this model is that there are pre-specified behaviors as well as that all students should behave the same way. In other words, education becomes a matter of applying means to a target. The scheme of this model is divided in four different stages which are: content, objectives, methodology and finally, evaluation.

Content: the content of an educational programme is organized and structured in the planning of teaching which is the set of activities done by the teacher before teaching the class. By this procedure topics and subtopics are grouped in a consistent and significant way.

Competency model: this approach consists on its design, develpoment and the curriculum evaluation being orientated in order to solve a problem or a situation (knowing, knowing how, knowing how to be). The most important part of competences is to apply the learning in order to solve problems with ethical purposes.

Relationship between TPACK and competency model: TPACK as well as the competency model, combine different aspects in order to learn and internalize the content as complete as possible.

To conclude, it is noteworthy to mention that content is content, but to learn it without giving it any utilization is useless.

See you next week.

Alba Ramsay

TRANSLATORS

Good morning, everyone!

We are the translators from the Group T8T, Paz and Isa.

This week we have been working in an amazing and interesting topic. It was textbooks and the attitude of the teachers about it. We had to choose an option to represent it and explain it to the rest of the class. The one we had chosen was advertisement.

Here we leave you five concepts about this topic. We hope it will be useful for you and you can know and learn more about it.

Comic: 
there are many ways in order to define comics.

Will Eisner defines comics as a sequential art. 

Scott McCloud defines comics as juxtaposed pictorial and other images in deliberate sequence with the objective of convey information and produce an aesthetic response in the viewer.

Another and an easier definition of comics could be a visual medium, often combined with text, that express ideas via images. Normally, juxtaposed sequences of panels of images.

Textbooks:
 is a manual of instruction of study. Textbooks are produced according to the demands of educational institutions. Although most textbooks are only published in printed format, many are now available as online electronic books. 

Infographic:
 are graphic visual representations of information, data or knowledge intended to present complex information quickly and clearly. They can improve cognition by utilizing graphics to enhance the human visual system’s ability to see patterns and trends. The process of creating infographics can be referred to as data visualization, nformation design, or information architecture.The entire infographic could potentially be interactive, allowing people to play with the data, turn knobs and dials and get a feel for the data behind the visual. Additionally, savvy users could also access and download or fork the data behind each inographic. 

Publisher: 

A company or person that prepares and issues books, journals, or music for sale.

An organization that publishes text or music

An employee of a publishing company who has responsibility for deciding what is published

Ideology:
An ideology is a set of conscious and unconscious ideas that constitute one's goals, expectations, and actions. An ideology is a comprehensive vision, a way of looking at things as in several philosophical tendencies, or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to all members of this society. Ideologies are systems of abstract thought applied to public matters and thus make this concept central to politics. Implicitly every political or economic tendency entails an ideology whether or not it is propounded as an explicit system of thought. It is very related to the topic of textbooks because, every text book has political influences. It doesn’t exist any neutral textbook.

See you soon,

The translators.

TRANSLATORS

During this week, we, Sandra and Laura are the translators. We hope that our definitions will be very interesting and useful for your learning this week.

Creative commons: it is a type of licence which allows people to use the materials published with the same permit . The materials can be all types of media, pictures, music…, or even any document which has the licence. The author of those resources is in charge of choosing if using this licence or the copyright one; it can be very useful for other people. Some of the webs which contain those materials are Google, Flickr, Pixabay…

Tips: those are some advices that could be followed. If we focus in oral presentation tips, they must be followed for making a good oral speech and for showing a good presentation, commonly power point presentation.

Licence elements: those are the materials that can be copied and redistributed. Also, they can be changed or edited, but if someone do so, the changes must be under the ‘copyleft’ licence. Moreover, they should not be used with a commercial purpose.

Attribution: it is an interesting term to define, which is a part of the creative commons licence. It is refered to the right of the author to decide about his or her work to be copied, distributed, or changed. Attribution can be combined with ShareAlike and No Derivatives, joint as well between them as a NonCommercial resource.

Slide share: is a web where power point or other types of documents can be uploaded and published. It is similar to YouTube, but it is not used just for videos, and they can be seen by everybody. This website allows users to comment and rate the presentations. Moreover, it is considered one of the best tools for education & e-learning.

See you next week, as Curator-farmers.

T8T Team translators.

THE TRANSLATOR

 

Hello everyone:

This is Ana Sánchez, this week translator. I hope you´re enjoing our blog so far. I´ll try to make clear the concepts we have been working on this week. 
     During these few days we have been doing a treasure hunt and, through our search of answers to the given questions, we have been learning many things about map projections and how the real form of the Earth can be distorted as such a tool is used to represent it... But, you know, we are not Geography students, and even if it has been pretty interesting to learn such concepts, the relation between them and the broader term of media distortions had made us reach the point of our search, and we had to think quite a lot! Well, here you have the concept definitions. I hope these short explanations are useful for you!
 

Treaure or Scavenger hunt: It is a game that consists of searching for a group of items of a given list, or developing some number of tasks; this can be required to be done individually or by groups. The goal can vary: being the first one completing the task or developing it in the most creative way. This type of games has developed from ancient folk games and it became very popular in relation to party games. Nowadays treasure hunts are being increasingly used for educational purposes, including different methods of search, as the Internet.

 
Map projection: It is a method through which cartographers transfer details from a sphere (the globe) to a land planisphere (a world map or “mappa mundi”). It means that they “translate” a round, 3-dimensional Earth surface into a plane 2-dimensional image for a better understanding.

Types of projections: There are several criteria for classifying the types of projections; for our purposes we just have observed the basic ones:

* Depending on the main geometrical property they maintain:

- Equidistant: they preserve the distances, as it happens with Mercator.

- Equivalent: they keep the area (size or angles).

- Conformal: they keep the shape (locally). In this group we find Mercator projection.

- Azimuthality: they preserve direction, as it happens with Azimuthal.
- Other types of projections that are not geometrical: "compromise projections", like Robinson projection. They look for a compromise to keep the image of the world as "real" as they can, the aim is to make the map look well.

* Depending on the shape of the surface where the projection is done.

- On a cylinder: cylindrical, like Mercator (Robinson is  consider to be "pseudo-cylindrical").

- On a plane: Azimuthal/Zenithal/Polar.

- On a cone.

  

Distortion: Think about this... when the sun illuminates your body, the shadow that is projected it is never exactly the same, the projection of your body is deformed or distorted…  In the same way, when using either a cylindrical, a conical, an azimuthal or any other kind of projection the final image will have some kind of misrepresentation. Because of that, depending on the purpose, it will be more correct to use one type of projection or the other. There are four main types of distortions when transferring the sphere to a map: shape, angles (areas or size), distances and directions. It is necessary to be aware of it and be able to explain it to our primary students in a simple way... 

       Distortion ellipses (Tissot´s indicatrix): This is maybe not the most important concept we have discovered, but it was very useful for my understanding. Why? Because it helps us to visualize what type of distortion a map projection has caused, how much distortion occurred, and where it occurred... just by taking the different map projections and placing several ellipses that differ in shape, angle, distance or direction in the map stripes that are being distorted. As a result you have a new map (Robinson, Mercator, Azimuthal or any other one) that represents distortions, which are symbolized by the variation of the ellipses (as you can see in the images of the chart our group has included).

Media distortion: It was the aim of our hunt... But what do we understand by media? Well, media or mass media are the different type of tecnhological tools that are used to make information reach a large audience. When we speak about mass media we are refering mainly to television, radio, newspapers and printed books and, of course, to the Internet. But we can even consider hoarding, mobiles or video games to be in this cathegory too... As these media reach so many people, it is essential to be aware of the quality and truthfullness of the information they offer... As we learnt with map projections, when reality is transferred to be studied, some properties are lost in the way. The same happens when a piece of information is being told by any media, it´s just a representation of the reality, but not the thing itself and, as all the representations, it is less than the real thing... If media are objective and try hard to represent reality in the best way, maybe they do as cartographers when representing the Earth with a globe... (reality is allways more, is allways bigger than the representation of it). But in some circumstances, following a purpuse, sometime an obscure one, mass media distort, deform  the reality. And if we think of educational purposes, we can consider the way in what reality is rewrite in some historical books...Or let´s be more simple: its easy to think of Nazisim and its "educational" and social propaganda. Think of this aswell: the way our curriculum is organized in order to make student´s know about important writers, painters, polititians, etc. that belong to their country or even their region... what is fine, unless they don´t have time to study the most quality ones, even if their are not from their place of birth... What happens for example with Cataluña? What are the books they study, the videos they see and even the language they have to use telling about the history and the importance of Spain? Well,I will let you answer this question to yourself. 

    Finally... thanks for finishing reading my words. I hope they were not too boring! My experience as a translator has been quite hard, because I tried to understand geografical terms in a very short time and I don´t have a strong base for it. My job has helped me to realize how much I don´t know about it. But, in any case and going further, everything has helped me to comprehend the importance of being accurate when communicating, and the need of making students be aware of the distortions or reality deformations that they are surrounded by and even make them be aware of the distortions that us, as teachers, can cause!


Ana Mª Sánchez, T8T Translator. 

   

TRANSLATOR

Hello again!

This is my work of this week because I am the translator of the group RAQUEL RAMÓN and I had to collect the 5 most important terms that the group has learnt during the week. So, I hope you like it

PEDAGOGY: Pedagogy is a set of processes and methods by which the teacher make easier to the students the learning of the specific subject. Pedagogy will be different in each context. This requires the understanding and development of students. maybe,personally,I can say that is one of the most important competence that a teacher could have got.

TECHNOLOGY: Currently is an essential tool to carry out an effective learning. Technology should be used by teachers to explain contents in an audiovisual way (movies, videos and so on) or using computers, iPads, and other electronic systems. With this use, it will be facilitated the pedagogical work.

CONTENT: Essential information that teacher must to know in order to transmit and explain to students through the understanding of central concepts, facts, theories and procedures of the subject.

CONTEXT : It is a set of circumstances applied in each case depending of technology, content and pedagogy that can be used in any situation ( type of school, type of students and type of subject and so on)

TPACK: Is a model created by Mishra and Koehel (TECHNOLOGICAL, PEDAGOGICAL AND CONTENT KNOWLEDGE) that include the knowledge of technology (use of technology systems), the knowledge of content (the subject) and the knowledge of the pedagogy (how the teach the content to the students, adapting the content to better understanding of it by students). This concept was widely unknown by us, but thanks to this work, we have known a new important concept to carry out  our profession in the future.

  I have been really happy doing this role and the first week with TPACK work has been completed successfully. I think that TPACK is a useful tool to create a good environmental in a class, becoming the methodology of the class and the learning process a success not only with the good interest of the students but also the emotion of the teacher to do a magnific class working in his/ her profesion like a part of his live. This is a TEACHER; a person who lives everyday with the pupils and share experiences along with them.

Thank you for your time. See you next week with other unknown and interesting role!! 

the resources are from:

- http://www.ticyeducacion.com/2011/01/metodologia-tpack.html

- http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?sid=70710309-f01a-48a6-8aed-bc2c8c5e71dd%40sessionmgr113&vid=1&hid=124&bdata=Jmxhbmc9ZXMmc2l0ZT1laG9zdC1saXZl#db=aph&AN=47390404

Raquel Ramon
T8T